The atomic model of the atom models the atom as a tiny,
heavy nucleus surrounded by lighter electrons which orbit the nucleus
in a way reminiscent of the planets orbiting the Sun.
The nucleus is comprised of neutrons and protons, held
together in the nucleus by the strong nuclear force. Each neutron or
proton is about 1800 times heavier than an electron. Just as the name
suggests, the neutron is electrically neutral. The proton is
positively charged and the electron negatively charged, and the
magnitude of both is the same at
The
atom has the same number of protons as neutrons, and is therefore
electrically neutral. The number of protons determines which element
the atom is, while the number of neutrons may vary. Two atoms with
the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are
different isotopes of the same element and have the same chemical
properties, but not the the same physical properties. They have
different masses for example.
The
atom has the same number of protons as neutrons, and is therefore
electrically neutral. The number of protons determines which element
the atom is, while the number of neutrons may vary. Two atoms with
the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are
different isotopes of the same element and have the same chemical
properties, but not the the same physical properties. They have
different masses for example.
The orbits of the electrons around the nucleus in
fixed. Being of opposite charges, electrons and protons attract each
other, necessary for a stable orbit. Each orbit is associated with a
specific energy, and an electron may move between different orbits by
emitting or absorbing a specific amount of energy.
The atom as a whole has a diameter of around
and
the diameter of the nucleus is
The
volume of the nucleus is therefore of the order of
of
the volume of the atom.
and
the diameter of the nucleus isThe
volume of the nucleus is therefore of the order ofof
the volume of the atom.
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